The country has concomitantly suffered seasonal cholera outbreaks that have impacted negatively on the populations health, as well as on the nations economy. High and low incidence areas hia and lia were selected in comparative cost analysis and disease impact. Yet, most studies assessing the determinants of cholera outbreaks have been conducted. This study therefore sought to determine economic cost associated with recent outbreak the disease. In 2014, more than two hundred people 2 died in a cholera epidemic which was the worst recorded in the country since 1982. High and low incidence areas hia and lia were selected in comparative cost analysis and. Cholera medicines will save lives west africa photo by reuters. In 2012, at the time of writing, 25 african nations have reported 94 553 cholera cases, including 85 293 cases from large epidemics in the democratic republic of congo, sierra leone, ghana, guinea, uganda, and niger. These cholera outbreaks are as a result of poor sanitation and unsafe drinking water. Cholera is now thought to be endemic in parts of the country. This study assessed the response activities undertaken in two districts, akatsi district in volta region and komendaedinaeguafoabirem keea municipal in central region during the 2012 cholera epidemic in ghana.
The outbreak spread to the brong ahafo region bar which is geographically located in the middle of the country. In 2015, a cumulative total of 434 cases with 4 deaths, a case. Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june. Cholera outbreak in cape coast grows, deaths reported. The acute diarrhoea infection which can kill within hours had the highest reported cases from the cape coast municipality in the central region. Highlights the cholera outbreak that started in june 2014 has protracted and spilled over to 2015. During the current seventh cholera pandemic, africa bore the major brunt of global disease burden. We found that at least 54% of cases concerned populations living in the three urban areas of accra, freetown, and conakry. Overall, cholera outbreaks throughout the study region have.
Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to 2015. In june 2014, a cholera outbreak was reported in ghana. Cholera, unlike other diarrheal diseases, is fatal even among healthy young adults, and poses a greater risk of death among immunocompromised individuals and malnourished children. Response measures during the 2014 cholera outbreak were taken at the international, national, and regional levels. It did not gain much notice because of being overshadowed by ebola news in nearby countries. A cholera outbreak in ghanas capital has reached staggering levels, an official said friday, blaming poor sanitation and overcrowded health facilities for the rapid spread of the disease. In 2015, a cumulative total of 434 cases with 4 deaths, a case fatality rate cfr of 0.
In ghana, the recurrent of cholera has raised possible endemic foci. Cholera distribution the four regions along the coast, greater accra, central, western and volta represent over 70% of cholera cases between 1998 and 20. Instituting interventions for the control of cholera mainly result from knowing the risk factors and the link between the index cases and this can curtail and prevent future outbreaks. Project title ebola preparedness and response plan in ghana country ghana who responsible office who country office ghana 29 volta street, airport residential area p. Ranked among the worlds dirtiest countries, ghana has poor environmental sanitation and hygiene, and a lack of potable water, all of which combined have been largely blamed as the underscoring reasons for cholera outbreaks. An ongoing cholera outbreak in ghana in 2014, hitting hard the capital accra, has claimed some 100 lives and over 11,000 cases by september. For instance, in 20082009, zimbabwe experienced the largest cholera outbreak ever recorded in africa, with 100 000 cases and 4000 deaths. Humanitarian situation reports, response plans, news, analyses, evaluations, assessments, maps, infographics and more on ghana. In places where drinking water is unprotected from faecal contamination, cholera can spread with stunning speed through entire populations.
Health directorate indicating cholera outbreak in the. The world health organization who maintains a public database of cholera cases and provides outbreak updates and an annual summary of aggregate national data in the weekly epidemiological record. The world health organization who provided technical support and logistics to the ministry of health and the ghana health service towards curbing the cholera outbreak. Risk factors for illness and importance of sanitation alvin shultz,ared j omolloo. Cholera is a form of acute, watery diarrhoea that is caused by a bacterial infection. Yearly number of cholera cases and case fatality rate cfr in ghana, 1199020 figure 2. Current cholera outbreak in ghana the current ongoing outbreak which started in early june 2014 in the accra metropolis with 6 cases and no death has rapidly escalated reaching alarming magnitude of 16,527 cases including 128 deaths case fatality rate of 0. Dynamics of cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania plos. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana. Cholera prevention and control world health organization.
A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana global. The greater accra region gar was the most affected, recording almost 98% of all cholera cases 14. This is driven by large outbreaks in greater accra region. Who is committed to working assiduously in partnership with the government and other. Jan 24, 2017 over 700 cholera cases with no death were recorded in 2016, the ghana health service ghs and ministry of health moh have stated. However, evidence of the economic costs of the disease on the health system and affected households has not been fully documented.
Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014. Documents used for management of paediatric tb cases. Ashitey 1 provides an account on the first cholera epidemic of 1970 in ghana. Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. Cholera prevention and control draft resolution proposed by brazil, dominican republic, ghana, haiti, kenya, mozambique, peru, united republic of tanzania, united states of america and zambia the seventyfirst world health assembly, pp1 recalling resolution wha64. May 01, 2018 the world health organization who maintains a public database of cholera cases and provides outbreak updates and an annual summary of aggregate national data in the weekly epidemiological record. To prevent cyclical cholera outbreaks in ghana, this commentary discusses. In its most severe form, cholera is one of the swiftest lethal infectious diseases.
Author summary we analyzed cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania, during 2009 to 2015, and performed a series of field visits as well as molecular epidemiology analyses of v. From 1998 to 2017, greater accra alone recorded 58. Health division, ghana health service received a report from the greater accra regional. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in. Greater accra was the most affected region, with 5,558 cases and 45 deaths. Surveillance in africa cholera in africa cholera cdc. Introduction to cholera, outbreak investigation, response to outbreaks, cholera treatment. The cholera outbreak that affected ghana since early june is getting to an end. The detection of a little over cases of cholera and a case fatality of 2. In 2009, for instance, 98% of the 221 226 notified cases worldwide were from africa. Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june health24. In that same year, ghana experienced its worst outbreak in three decades reporting 28,944 cases including 243 deaths coming only second to nigeria in infection rates 6, 7.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website the centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. A cumulative total of 28,955 cases with 243 deaths, a case fatality rate cfr of 0. Cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastest. The cholera outbreak which claimed 243 lives out of 28,975 cases and the ebola virus disease evd scare were challenging moments in 2014. This study aimed at determining economic costs on households affected by the cholera outbreak in a coastal region of ghana. Nigeria, ghana and democratic republic of the congo being the most affected countries with ghana reporting its worst outbreak since 1982. More than 40 years after its resurgence in africa in 1970, cholera remains a grave public health problem, characterized by large disease burden, frequent outbreaks, persistent endemicity, and high cfrs, particularly in the region of the central african great lakes which might act as. Ghana is affected by crossborder outbreaks mainly from nigeria and togo, especially along the guinea coast.
Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected. In a followup to a report this weekend about the cholera outbreak in cape coast, ghana, local media report the outbreak in the fishing port city has topped 20 cases, including three fatalities. Aug 25, 2014 cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastest. Business opportunities for water and sanitation in ghana. Oct 20, 2014 in the wake of cholera cases increasing in ghana, atv visited korle bu to interact with the doctors and experience at first hand what the situation is like on the ground. Nov, 2016 201611 the central regional capital, cape coast is a fishing port and one of the most historical cities in ghana, founded by the people of oguaa and is situated on its south to the gulf of. The case fatality ratio is high in the sahelian area, equal or greater than 2%, especially in nigeria, chad, cameroon and niger. Research on cholera in ghana has focused more on epidemiology of outbreaks and little emphasis on economic costs. The outbreak was widespread, with out of 216 districts across ghana cholera outbreak 2014. During the past decade, except for the current haitian outbreak, which is linked to the importation of a cholera strain from asia 1, 2, most cholera epidemics, cases, and deaths have been reported in subsaharan africa. The dramatic consequences of cyclical cholera outbreaks in recent years in ghana are worrying. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 3 between 19 september 2015 and 24 july 2016, 4 330 cases, including 68 deaths cfr.
Declared in june 2014, the west and central african cholera outbreak as of january 25, 2015 claimed 1,683 registered deaths and over 91,361 reported cases with a reported case fatality rate cfr of 2% in 11 countries, which is 3 times more than in 20. The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to. Alban sumana kingsford bagbin the greater accra regional health directorate of the ghana health service ghs has urged residents in accra to. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana bmc. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. Increase of cholera cases in the horn of africa and the gulf. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. Last year, we provided enough medicine and project support to assist nearly 38,000 people in cholera outbreaks in namibia and south sudan. Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. Aug 10, 2017 a nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in ghana in 2014 with accra, the nations capital as the epicenter. Pdf assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. This thesis uses past cholera epidemic data and spatial statistical. In july 2014, the first cholera cases were reported in accra, ghana.
Cholera outbreaks occur every year in ghana and needs. Economic evaluation of 2014 cholera outbreak in ghana. The population file provides information about the background population at risk for each spatial. The ghana health service at the national level sent cholera outbreak alerts to all regions. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak. Pdf large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 2 disease background information cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. A nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in ghana in 2014 with accra, the nations capital as the epicenter. September 2014 volume 48, number 3 ghana medical journal. Cholera outbreak in west africa was first reported in guinea. Most infected individuals remain asymptomatic or experience only mild diarrhoea. The epidemic has affected of the 216 districts in all 10 regions. Outbreaks in ghana usually spread towards neighbouring countries from the south of cameroon to guinea bissau through migrant fishermen and commercial trade.
Oct 11, 2017 instituting interventions for the control of cholera mainly result from knowing the risk factors and the link between the index cases and this can curtail and prevent future outbreaks. Since the 1980s, ghana has experienced sporadic outbreaks of cholera. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in ghana as of 15 march 2015 week 11 i. There are lessons to be learnt from cholera outbreaks in ghana. Addressing the cholera epidemic resource centre network ghana.
These efforts led to a dramatic drop in cholera incidence from 735 cases in 2016, to just 9 cases since january 2017. The outbreak which started in the greater accra region in week 24 with six cases reported an upsurge in week 29 with 251 cases and. Nov 01, 20 nevertheless in recent years, remarkable epidemics struck various african regions located far from the coast. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater. Dynamics of cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania.
However, upper west, northern, upper east and volta region are the least affected region s in ghana. In 2015, a cumulative total of 636 cases with 6 deaths, a case fatality rate cfr of 0. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014 emmanuel dzotsi 1, john kofi odoom 2, joseph k. It is recommended that each periphery kit is associated. The reports provide relatively consistent national and regional profiles of cholera over time, and reflect the success and failure of efforts toward. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two districts in ghana article pdf available in infectious diseases of poverty 51 december 2016 with 2,142 reads how we measure reads. Ghana has a youthful population consisting of a large proportion of children under15 years 38. Cumulative incidence of cholera by commune in ghana, 1998202 figure 3. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of. Accra, ghana represented the main cholera hotspot in the entire study region. Pdf assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in. Increase of cholera cases in the horn of africa and the. In 2011 and 2012 ghana had cholera epidemics combined that totaled 16,000 cases and deaths. In ghana, there were over 9,000 cholera cases in 1999 with approximately 250 deaths cfr of 2.
From 2014 to early 2015, the country experienced another devastating outbreak of cholera, with about 28,922 cases reported, including 243 deaths. Cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others, the ghana health service said friday. Nov 01, 2016 humanitarian situation reports, response plans, news, analyses, evaluations, assessments, maps, infographics and more on ghana. Environmental determinants of cholera outbreaks in inland. The first case of cholera in ghana was in a togolese national in transit at the kotoka international airport from guinea. Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in the last three decades in 2014. By the end of january 2015 when the outbreak was finally contained, over 28, 000 cases with 243 deaths had been recorded in all 10 regions of ghana 14. The first major outbreak occurred in 1982, when about 15,032 cases were recorded. Daviesteye 4 1department of disease surveillance, ghana health service, korlebu, accra, ghana. Please see additional file 1 for translations of the.
Report of cholera outbreak investigation, greater accra region. Regions to the north of ghana are the least populated with 1,046,545 4. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. Main outbreaks were reported in the densely populated regions of greater accra and ashanti, and in bordering coastal regions. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana volunteers comb the marketplaces of cape coast, ghana educating stall owners on how to prevent the spread of cholera. About 20% of symptomatic cases present with a severe form of. Ghana has seen outbreaks of the disease roughly every five years since the 19704. In the wake of cholera cases increasing in ghana, atv visited korle bu to interact with the doctors and experience at first hand what the situation is like on the ground.
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